مجله دانش سیاسی
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 37، بهار و تابستان 1402)

One of the issues raised today in the public opinion and the scientific community of the country is the questions and ambiguities regarding the relationship between the economic situation of the country and the role of the I.R.Iran in the resistance front. The main question in this article is about the impact of the role of the I.R.Iran in the axis of resistance on national interests from the perspective of political economy.In this article, as much as possible, we have tried to address all the political and economic components at both domestic and foreign levels, which are somehow related to explaining the position of the economy in the case of supporting the axis of resistance. It is obvious that running a country in a chaotic environment on the one hand and good governance to achieve maximum satisfaction of individuals on the other hand, has implications that logic dictates to look at all issues in a systematic way and avoiding comprehensive analytical reductionism in order to explain the position of the economy in the process of managing the resistance. The novelty of the article is that the issue of the country's economy and at the same time the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the axis of resistance has been studied in a field of internal and external components.

The Axis of Resistance is a title that in recent years has been able to introduce itself as one of the main transnational actors influencing the political-security developments in the Middle East. As a member of this axis, Iraq has an important role. Various issues in Iraq's internal environment affect the country's role in the axis of resistance, and understanding them will lead to a better understanding of the country's position in the Middle East security zone. On the other hand, there is complex and wide-ranging competitions by regional and supra-regional actors in Iraq, which adds to the importance of this country as one of the foreign policy priorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In order to be on the axis of resistance, Iraq must reduce its internal problems. Problems such as unemployment, corruption, dependence on oil budgets and lack of infrastructure for development. Lack of attention to internal problems makes Iraq unable to resist US and Western pressures. As a result, Iraq can`t act as a member of the axis of resistance to its takes. The closer the factors of Iraq's convergence with the axis of resistance, the less likely it is to join the American front, and the more the factors of Iraq's divergence from the axis of resistance, the more likely it is to separate from the axis of resistance. The main question of this research can be stated as follows: What are the advantages and barriers of the Iraqi internal environment that affect the position of this country in the axis of resistance? This research is not a hypothesis because of its practical nature. The method of data collection in this research is the use of the existing literature and unstructured elite interviews. The Regional Security Complex Theory has also been used as a theoretical framework focusing on patterns of friendship/enmity.

The statement of the second step of the revolution (SSSR), as a road map and strategic document, seeks to explain the course of the second four decades of the I.R.Iran. By adopting the strategy of resistance, I.R.Iran was able to successfully overcome the four decades of ups and downs and enter the second four decades of its civilization. According to many experts on the dominance of the concept of resistance in SSSR as the ruling spirit in the statement, the researchers of this study decided to examine the position of resistance in SSSR from the perspective of leadership. Undoubtedly, the government of the I.R.Iran in the future can use various mechanisms, including diplomacy, as in the past, especially since some experts and activists in the field of foreign policy in the next four decades of the Islamic Revolution of Iran to interact with countries through other approaches. The resistance approach is known as resistance diplomacy. The importance of this document has led researchers to study it from different dimensions. The researchers of the present study have tried to explain the components of resistance in this statement, considering the wide hostilities of thedominating countries with the I.R.Iran and considering that the Islamic Republic is the birthplace of decades of resistance of the Iranian people against domestic tyranny and foreign arrogance.The result shows that theresistance includes social, economic, scientific and, of course, military dimensions, the details of which are stated in the text of the article

The Resistance Front (Axis of resistance) is a rather new actor in international system. During the past two decades there have been numerous books and scholarly articles written about it reflecting a wide range of views and analyses about its goals and impacts on the West Asia, and also its members in general. This article is an attempt to investigate particularly the role of Islamic Republic of Iran in establishing and developing the Resistance Front focusing specially on the Iranian Foreign Policy in regional and global context as far as the Resistance Front is concerned. The paper is based on this assumption that the Resistance Front has arrived at an a new era after passing through almost two decades of critical challenges. The events in post-occupation Iraq, during the Saudi-led coalition war against Yemen, and also the events related to the fight against Deash and other terrorist groups in Syria together with the new role played by LebaneseHezbollah, and Hamas and Islamic Jihad in Palestine in confrontation with Israeli occupation and aggressive policies are all signs of a new era in the life of Resistance Front. of paper argues that in this new era and according to new developments Iranian foreign policy faces some a number of tasks. In this context guiding the Resistance Front towards a formal and internationally and regionally acknowledged coalition is among the most important one. The paper also argues that Iranian Foreign Policy needs to make a practical balance between its support for the Front and advancing its relations with its neighbors and other internal and external actors in the Middle East based on the notion of common interests.

This article is a descriptive and analytical research on the position of resistance in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. While addressing the reasons and background of the resistance in Iran's foreign policy, its various dimensions are also explained at the regional and international levels. The idea is that, given the articulation of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, Iran was able to highlight the language of Islamic resistance in the region, while presenting the axis of resistance against interregional interventionist forces as an effective actor. In practice, it has also used it to expand its strategic sphere of influence, and increase its security factor. The Axis of Resistance, meanwhile, was able to uphold the Syrian political system, which many regional and non-regional activists sought to bring to its knees, and to resist the aggression of proxy terrorist groups, just as A process that took place during the developments in Iraq. In this regard, the axis of resistance in Lebanon and Yemen was fundamentally raised and stood against the common unity of Hebrew and Arab. Were it not for the strategic vision of the resistance, it is possible that terrorist forces in the form of proxy wars, with the help of Arab petrodollars and the logistical assistance of Hebrew-Arab forces and the support of trans-regional actors, especially the United States, would change the fate of the region. In thedirection of their intervention and presence, and against the national security and national interests of Iran, they were advancing. In other words, while the position of the axis of resistance in Iran's foreign policy has an identity aspect, but from a realist and power perspective can also be considered a strategy to strengthen Iran's geopolitical position in the West Asian region. In other words, the axis of resistance is considered to be the provider of Iran's national interests and the enhancer of its security.

The martyrdom of Sardar Soleimani, considering his special characteristics, is an important point in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Delivering a speech in Friday prayer sermons by the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, two weeks after the martyrdom of Sardar, therefore, was of special importance to everyone. This article tries to examine the central signs among the six major American media, based on representation and highlighting by Paddam's discourse analysis method. "Emphasizing the importance of the presence of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution among the angry people and his speeches, calling the Americans clowns and liars and the need to distrust them, emphasizing the divinity of Iran's response to the US attack on Ain al-Assad base, Iran's strength and not being afraid of America, the similarity of Europeans to Americans in dealing with Iran, the Europeans' mere obedience to the United States, the weakening of the American superpower, calling negotiations with the United States negotiations with terrorists and enemies, and therefore banning and rejecting them, expressing sympathy With the bereaved families and establishing relations with them, highlighting the anger of the people due to the plane crash, not addressing the large crowd at the funeral of Martyr Soleimani, the impossibility of negotiating from a position of power with Iran, the failure of the United States and consequently the Europeans to defeat Iran, a different reading of Martyr Soleimani between the Supreme Leader of Iran and the news agencies "have been among the sixteen central signs in the discourse of the American media. As it turns out, the subject matter and analysis of this article is important and innovative, which can help design and represent the Iranian media in international issues and conflicts in terms of the discourse implications of rival media.As it turns out, the subject matter and analysis of this article is important and innovative, which can help design and represent the Iranian media in international issues and conflicts in terms of the discourse implications of rival media.

So far, Ayatollah Khamenei has been able to manage the challenges that have arisen for the country in critical moments, relying on the strength of the people. Of course, his management is not of the executive type, but a kind of value supervision on the management of macro-levels in the country, which he called "macro-value management". This article seeks to understand the mechanisms through which this discourse management has been done and to achieve the response, speech and general behavior of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution during the assassination of Qassem Soleimani until the Friday prayers in Tehran two weeks later as a study. Selected item. The data of this article have been collected by documentary method and processed by content analysis method.The findings of this article show that Ayatollah Khamenei's approach to internal and external inflammations was not passive, but the text and tone of his messages and speeches show the intellectual-spiritual reassurance of the leadership that he tried to convey to the audience; What emerges in this article is a sociological understanding of the key themes and contexts of these actions, which focuses more on how the Supreme Leader used the tools of "metaphor" and "emotion" in the narrative of this terrorist incident in the history of regional resistance.

This article analyzes resistance based on the three theories of normative ethics. Ethics, in combination with politics, forms the basis of the political action of individuals and societies. Their "resistance" to dominating powers can be examined from a moral point of view. Proponents of secular ethics have applied ethics to the extent that it helps to organize the social system and make its citizens more sociable towards it. Advocacy of non-secular ethics in this context raises some cognitive and practical challenges; One of these challenges in applied ethics is defending the right to resist. Although such a right has been considered a normative principle in modern times, its moral exploration, especially from a non-secular point of view, can be an attractive topic in the field of ethics. Therefore, using the method of reflective equilibrium, the authors try to provide appropriate theoretical arrangements for the flow of political resistance in the field of philosophy of ethics and political theory, while explaining the conceptual structure of resistance ethics. Accordingly, in this study, the relationship between the moral right of political resistance and the categories of moral community,public interest and honor has been discussed.

The resistance theory is based on an understanding of the Quranic concepts of "resistance" and "persistence". Therefore, to redesign this Quranic theory, the concept of the word "resistance" will be one of the essential needs; Because the incomplete and wrong understanding of the principle of this concept will lead to the formation of wrong and ineffective ideas. The main question of the current research is, what does the Quranic concept of the word "resistance" mean? To answer this question, the method and theory of the single principle (Asle Vahed) of Allameh Mustafavi, which is used in the field of Quranic lexicology, has been used, and in a seven-step process, the semantic principle and comprehensive meaning of the Quranic root "q and m" have been extracted and presented in the form of The term "resistance" has been conceptualized. According to this method, the semantic principle of the word resistance is "continuous participation in the direction of proving the actuality of the object based on justice", which shows that the theory and discourse of resistance is an active and driving theory for the movement of the Islamic society, and the main direction and strategy of the society should be adjusted with it.

Since the Islamic Awaking, the United States has sought to adopt a diverse and comprehensive foreign policy to contain and weaken the Axis of Resistance. Examining this policy is of great importance to the governments and nations of the West Asian region. Based on the framework of the hybrid war, this research examines how US foreign policy toward the Axis of Resistance after the Islamic Awakening can be articulated properly. This research is categorized as an applied research and qualitative method has been used to analyze the information. The goal of this paper is to explain US foreign policy behavior toward the Axis of Resistance in the hybrid war framework. This research concludes that the United States has used a kind of hybrid war against the nations and member states of the Axis of Resistance to diminish its influence and power around the region; but, while US policies in the region have not been successful in all the considered dimensions.

. The strategy of resistance against foreigners is one of the courts of Imami political thought and arises from the intellectual principles and general rules of Shiite political jurisprudence. But it is obvious that the rationality, the requirements of the time, and the context of the Shari'a ruling have led to the understanding, definition, and consequently distinctive resistance action by Shiite scholars throughout Shiite life, from disobeying the Muslim caliph to accompanying the Shiite king and finally revolution against the Shah. The issue explored in this study is to understand and explain this different act of resistance in two historical turning points of contemporary Iran, namely the constitutional movement and the Islamic Revolution. The main question is what agreements and differences in the strategy of resistance of Shiite scholars in the two mentioned periods can be counted? To answer this question, using the method of comparative-historical analysis, which pays attention to the three aspects of causal analysis, attention to time processes and systematic comparison of the weaver, the question was answered in a qualitative research framework in the form of Stuart Mill's comparative analysis model. In the first step, drawing the image of resistance in the two mentioned developments is clear, then the examples of resistance strategy are mentioned and finally the resistance strategy is examined with emphasis on the jurisprudential method of Shiite scholars. . In the constitution, resistance has an internal development and is consistent with the resistance of companion piety against tyranny. Lines up against the alien. During this research, it was found that the resistance of constitutional scholars, both legitimate and constitutionalist, was systemic, minimalist, pious, and sought to reform power. Meanwhile, the pattern of resistance of the ulema in the Islamic Revolution has been extra-systemic, maximal and active, non-pious and seeking a change of power.

 Cultural diplomacy is the tool of any country to introduce itself to the people of other nations. Each government tries to present the best image of itself to others, which is mainly pursued through the media and the special representatives of each government in the target countries. The Islamic Republic of Iran is also trying to use efficient methods to introduce Islam, the Islamic Revolution and Iran.The Islamic Republic of Iran is also trying to use efficient methods to introduce Islam, the Islamic Revolution and Iran. The main trustee of this work is the Islamic Culture and Communication Organization, which tries to achieve this goal by sending cultural counselor to different countries and supporting them. Presenting and explaining a successful example in the implementation of cultural diplomacy illuminates the path and provides a model for activists in the field of available example. For this purpose, the activities of Shahid Seyyed Mohammad Ali Rahimi; The cultural counselor of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been studied at the House of Culture in Multan, Pakistan.The approach of the present study is a qualitative approach and in order to collect research data, a research document and a semi-structured interview have been used. Thematic analysis method has been used to analyze the research data and MAXQDA software, which is especially for qualitative research, has been used to perform reliable analysis steps. After the studies, it was found that the components of Shahid Rahimi's success in carrying out cultural diplomacy activities to achieve the set goals are: faith in Islam and the Islamic Revolution, mastering the cultural and social situation of Pakistan, study and planning, complete the activities, constructive interaction with the general public, important people and important institutions of Pakistan, tireless activity for the pleasure of God and good manners and behaviors.